Labels, allergens and special cases: practice questions
15 questions on labels, allergens and special cases, each with the FDA Food Code section it comes from.
1. When labeling a food made from multiple ingredients, how must the ingredients be listed?
Answer: In descending order of predominance by weight. Ingredients must be listed starting with the one that weighs the most and ending with the one that weighs the least.
FDA Food Code 2022, § 3-602.11: “If made from two or more ingredients, a list of ingredients and subingredients in descending order of predominance by weight”
2. What information must be included on the label for bulk food available for consumer self-dispensing?
Answer: The manufacturer's label provided with the food or a sign listing ingredients and allergens. Self-dispensing bulk foods require either the original manufacturer label or a sign that details ingredients, allergens, and nutrition information.
FDA Food Code 2022, § 3-602.11: “Bulk FOOD that is available for CONSUMER self-dispensing shall be prominently labeled with the following information in plain view of the CONSUMER: (1) The manufacturer's or processor's label that was provided with the FOOD; or (2) A card, sign, or other method of notification that includes the information specified under Subparagraphs (B)(1), (2), (5) and (6) of this section.”
3. How should a food handler label salmonid fish that contains canthaxanthin or astaxanthin as a color additive?
Answer: Display a counter card or label disclosing the use of the color additive. The use of these specific color additives in salmonid fish must be disclosed via the container label or a visible counter card.
FDA Food Code 2022, § 3-602.11: “For any salmonid FISH containing canthaxanthin or astaxanthin as a COLOR ADDITIVE, the labeling of the bulk FISH container, including a list of ingredients, displayed on the retail container or by other written means, such as a counter card, that discloses the use of canthaxanthin or astaxanthin.”
4. Which item is required in the ingredient list if present in the food?
Answer: Artificial colors, artificial flavors, and chemical preservatives. The label must declare the presence of artificial colors, flavors, and chemical preservatives within the ingredient list.
FDA Food Code 2022, § 3-602.11: “including a declaration of artificial colors, artificial flavors and chemical preservatives, if contained in the FOOD”
5. What action must be taken with ready-to-eat food if an employee who handles it has been restricted or excluded due to illness?
Answer: Discard the food. The code requires that ready-to-eat food potentially contaminated by a restricted or excluded employee must be thrown away rather than reheated or saved.
FDA Food Code 2022, § 3-701.11: “READY-TO-EAT FOOD that may have been contaminated by an EMPLOYEE who has been RESTRICTED or EXCLUDED as specified under § 2-201.12 shall be discarded.”
6. How should food be handled if it has been contaminated by bodily discharges from employees or consumers?
Answer: Discard the food. Food that comes into contact with bodily discharges or hands of employees and consumers must be discarded to ensure safety.
FDA Food Code 2022, § 3-701.11: “FOOD that is contaminated by FOOD EMPLOYEES, CONSUMERS, or other PERSONS through contact with their hands, bodily discharges, such as nasal or oral discharges, or other means shall be discarded.”
7. When serving oysters on the half shell, what specific information must be provided to the consumer regarding the preparation of the item?
Answer: A description stating the item is served raw or undercooked. The code requires a specific disclosure describing the item as raw or undercooked to inform consumers of the risk.
FDA Food Code 2022, § 3-603.11: “DISCLOSURE shall include: (1) A description of the animal-derived FOODS, such as “oysters on the half shell (raw oysters),” “raw-EGG Caesar salad,” and “hamburgers (can be cooked to order)”;”
8. Which method is an acceptable way to fulfill the disclosure requirement for a menu item served with a raw egg?
Answer: Asterisking the item to a footnote stating it is served raw or undercooked. The regulation allows using an asterisk linked to a footnote to identify items served raw or undercooked.
FDA Food Code 2022, § 3-603.11: “Identification of the animal-derived FOODS by asterisking them to a footnote that states that the items are served raw or undercooked, or contain (or may contain) raw or undercooked ingredients.”
9. What is the required content of the REMINDER footnote associated with raw or undercooked animal foods?
Answer: It must state that consuming these items may increase the risk of foodborne illness. The reminder footnote must warn consumers that consuming these items may increase their risk of foodborne illness.
FDA Food Code 2022, § 3-603.11: “Consuming raw or undercooked MEATS, POULTRY, seafood, shellfish, or EGGS may increase your RISK of foodborne illness;”
10. When serving unpackaged food items to consumers, what action is required regarding major food allergens?
Answer: Provide written notification of the presence of major food allergens. The code requires written notification for major allergens in unpackaged foods served to consumers.
FDA Food Code 2022, § 3-602.12: “The PERMIT HOLDER shall notify CONSUMERS by written notification of the presence of MAJOR FOOD ALLERGENS as an ingredient in unPACKAGED FOOD items that are served or sold to the CONSUMER.”
11. How should a food handler manage the dating information printed on packaged food products?
Answer: Ensure the dating information is not concealed or altered. Manufacturers' dating information must remain visible and unchanged on food products.
FDA Food Code 2022, § 3-602.12: “FOOD ESTABLISHMENT or manufacturers' dating information on FOODS may not be concealed or altered.”
12. In a facility serving a highly susceptible population, which type of juice is prohibited from being served or offered for sale?
Answer: Prepackaged juice that bears a warning label regarding pathogen reduction. The code prohibits serving prepackaged juices that bear a warning label indicating they have not been processed to reduce pathogens.
FDA Food Code 2022, § 3-801.11: “PrePACKAGED JUICE or a prePACKAGED BEVERAGE containing JUICE, that bears a warning label as specified in 21 CFR, 101.17(g) Food labeling, warning, notice, and safe handling statements, Juices that have not been specifically processed to prevent, reduce, or eliminate the presence of pathogens, or a PACKAGED JUICE or BEVERAGE containing JUICE, that bears a warning label as specified under ¶ 3-404.11(B) may not be served or offered for sale;”
13. When preparing Caesar salad dressing for a highly susceptible population, what type of eggs must be used?
Answer: Pasteurized eggs. The regulation mandates the use of pasteurized eggs instead of raw eggs for specific foods like Caesar salad dressing to ensure safety for susceptible populations.
FDA Food Code 2022, § 3-801.11: “Pasteurized EGGS or EGG PRODUCTS shall be substituted for raw EGGS in the preparation of: P (1) FOODS such as Caesar salad, hollandaise or Béarnaise sauce, mayonnaise, meringue, EGGnog, ice cream, and EGG-fortified BEVERAGES,”
14. Which of the following foods is prohibited from being served in a ready-to-eat form to a highly susceptible population?
Answer: Raw seed sprouts. Raw seed sprouts are listed as foods that cannot be served in a ready-to-eat form to highly susceptible populations.
FDA Food Code 2022, § 3-801.11: “(C) The following FOODS may not be served or offered for sale in a READYTO-EAT form: P (1) Raw animal FOODS such as raw FISH, raw-marinated FISH, raw MOLLUSCAN SHELLFISH, and steak tartare, P (2) A partially cooked animal FOOD such as lightly cooked FISH, rare MEAT, soft-cooked EGGS that are made from raw EGGS, and meringue; P and (3) Raw seed sprouts.”
15. Under what specific condition may raw eggs be used instead of pasteurized eggs when preparing an omelet for a single meal?
Answer: If the eggs are combined immediately before cooking and served immediately. Raw eggs are permitted if they are combined immediately before cooking for a single serving and served immediately, as this minimizes the time for bacterial growth.
FDA Food Code 2022, § 3-801.11: “(F) Subparagraph (B)(2) of this section does not apply if: (1) The raw EGGS are combined immediately before cooking for one CONSUMER’S serving at a single meal, cooked as specified under Subparagraph 3-401.11(A)(1), and served immediately, such as an omelet, soufflé, or scrambled EGGS;”