California food handler card: the rules and a free practice test
California requires most food handlers to get a food handler card within 30 days of being hired. The card is valid for three years anywhere in the state, except where an older local program still applies, and it must come from an ANSI-accredited training provider. Your employer pays for the training.
Deadline
Within 30 days of the date you are hired.
“a food handler who is hired on or after June 1, 2011, shall obtain a food handler card within 30 days after the date of hire.”
Valid for
3 years, even if you change employers.
“Food handler cards shall be valid for three years from the date of issuance, regardless of whether the food handler changes employers during that period.”
Where it counts
The whole state, except where a local food handler program that existed before 2009 applies — check with your county health department.
“A food handler card shall be recognized throughout the state, except in jurisdictions described in subdivision (f).”
“shall not apply to a food handler subject to an existing local food handler program that took effect prior to January 1, 2009.”
Who issues it
Only an ANSI-accredited training provider.
“a food handler shall obtain a food handler card only from an American National Standards Institute (ANSI) accredited training provider that meets ASTM International E2659-09 Standard Practice for Certificate Programs.”
The exam
At least 40 questions; you need 70% to pass; the course and exam take about two and a half hours.
“The examination consists of at least 40 questions regarding the required subject matter.”
“A minimum score of 70 percent on the examination is required”
“designed to be completed within approximately two and one-half hours.”
Who pays
Your employer: training time is paid work time and the employer covers the costs. A job cannot require you to already have a card. At least one course must cost $15 or less, card included.
“An employer shall consider the time that it takes for the employee to complete the training and the examination as compensable “hours worked,””
“An employer shall not condition employment on an applicant or employee having an existing food handler card.”
“At least one food handler training course and examination shall cost no more than fifteen dollars ($15), including a food handler card.”
Quotes from California Health and Safety Code §113948, checked Sep 27, 2026. Rules change and cities or counties can add their own — confirm with your local health department. This is a free practice site: it does not issue cards or certificates.
California food handler practice test
Practice questions from the FDA Food Code 2022, the model code most state and local food safety rules are based on. Pick an answer to see the rule behind it.
1. Which cheese variety is permitted to be unpasteurized under specific CFR provisions?
Answer: Cheeses that are cured according to specified procedures. The exception to the pasteurization rule applies specifically to cheeses cured under specified CFR procedures.
FDA Food Code 2022, § 3-202.14: “Cheese shall be obtained pasteurized unless alternative procedures to pasteurization are specified in the CFR, such as 21 CFR 133 - Cheeses and related cheese products, for curing certain cheese varieties.”
2. How long should food stand covered after being removed from the microwave to ensure temperature equilibrium?
Answer: 2 minutes. The regulation specifies a two-minute standing time to allow heat to distribute evenly throughout the food.
FDA Food Code 2022, § 3-401.12: “Allowed to stand covered for 2 minutes after cooking to obtain temperature equilibrium.”
3. Which practice is permitted when finishing the drying process for utensils?
Answer: Polishing utensils that have already been air-dried with clean, dry cloths. Cloth drying is generally prohibited, but polishing already air-dried utensils with clean, dry cloths is the specific exception allowed.
FDA Food Code 2022, § 4-901.11: “May not be cloth dried except that UTENSILS that have been air-dried may be polished with cloths that are maintained clean and dry.”
4. An employee diagnosed with Norovirus has been asymptomatic for 24 hours and works in a facility that does NOT serve a highly susceptible population. How should their status be adjusted?
Answer: They should be restricted rather than excluded. For Norovirus cases in standard establishments, the code allows moving from exclusion to restriction once the employee is asymptomatic for 24 hours.
FDA Food Code 2022, § 2-201.13: “RESTRICT the FOOD EMPLOYEE, who is ASYMPTOMATIC for at least 24 hours and works in a FOOD ESTABLISHMENT not serving a HIGHLY SUSCEPTIBLE POPULATION, until the conditions for reinstatement as specified under Subparagraphs (D)(1) or (2) of this section are met;”
5. When installing fixed equipment that is not easily movable, what is the maximum allowable gap between the equipment and the adjoining wall?
Answer: Not more than 1 millimeter or one thirty-second inch. The code specifies a very tight maximum gap of 1 mm to prevent debris accumulation while allowing cleaning access.
FDA Food Code 2022, § 4-402.11: “Spaced from adjoining EQUIPMENT, walls, and ceilings a distance of not more than 1 millimeter or one thirty-second inch;”
6. What is the required design characteristic for the interior food-contact surfaces of Cleaning-in-Place (CIP) equipment?
Answer: Cleaning and sanitizing solutions must circulate throughout a fixed system and contact all interior food-contact surfaces. The code requires that the cleaning solution actively circulates to reach every interior surface within the fixed system.
FDA Food Code 2022, § 4-202.12: “Cleaning and SANITIZING solutions circulate throughout a fixed system and contact all interior FOOD-CONTACT SURFACES”
7. How should clean equipment and utensils be positioned during storage to ensure proper drying?
Answer: In a self-draining position that allows air drying. Storing items in a self-draining position allows moisture to escape, preventing bacterial growth that can occur in trapped water.
FDA Food Code 2022, § 4-903.11: “Clean EQUIPMENT and UTENSILS shall be stored as specified under ¶ (A) of this section and shall be stored: (1) In a self-draining position that allows air drying; and (2) Covered or inverted.”
8. When reheating TCS food in a microwave for hot holding, what additional step must be taken after the food reaches the required temperature?
Answer: The food must be rotated or stirred, covered, and allowed to stand covered for 2 minutes. Microwave reheating requires stirring and a 2-minute standing time to ensure even heat distribution throughout the food.
FDA Food Code 2022, § 3-403.11: “TIME/TEMPERATURE CONTROL FOR SAFETY FOOD reheated in a microwave oven for hot holding shall be reheated so that all parts of the FOOD reach a temperature of at least 74oC (165oF) and the FOOD is rotated or stirred, covered, and allowed to stand covered for 2 minutes after reheating.”
9. Which location is appropriate for storing dry food supplies according to standard food safety practices?
Answer: Inside a designated food storage area that is clean and dry. Food must be kept out of locker rooms, toilet rooms, dressing rooms, and garbage rooms to maintain hygiene and prevent contamination.
FDA Food Code 2022, § 3-305.12: “FOOD may not be stored: (A) In locker rooms; (B) In toilet rooms; Pf Chapter 3 - 16 FDA Food Code 2022 Chapter 3. Food (C) In dressing rooms; (D) In garbage rooms;”
10. How should food containers be arranged inside cooling equipment to maximize efficiency?
Answer: Arranged to provide maximum heat transfer through the container walls. Proper arrangement ensures air can circulate around the containers, allowing heat to escape quickly through the walls.
FDA Food Code 2022, § 3-501.15: “Arranged in the EQUIPMENT to provide maximum heat transfer through the container walls;”
11. Where should medicines intended for employee use be located within a food establishment?
Answer: In a location that prevents contamination of food, equipment, and utensils. The code requires medicines to be placed specifically so they do not contaminate food or service items.
FDA Food Code 2022, § 7-207.11: “Medicines that are in a FOOD ESTABLISHMENT for the EMPLOYEES' use shall be labeled as specified under § 7-101.11 and located to prevent the contamination of FOOD, EQUIPMENT, UTENSILS, LINENS, and SINGLE-SERVICE and SINGLE-USE ARTICLES.”
12. What is the general rule for removing molluscan shellfish from their original receiving container?
Answer: Immediately before sale or preparation for service. Shellfish should remain in their original containers to maintain quality and traceability until the moment they are sold or prepared.
FDA Food Code 2022, § 3-203.11: “Except as specified in ¶¶ (C) - (E) of this section, MOLLUSCAN SHELLFISH may not be removed from the container in which they are received other than immediately before sale or preparation for service.”
13. Which of the following criteria must a chemical meet to be legally used for washing or peeling raw, whole fruits and vegetables?
Answer: It must be an approved food additive listed for this intended use in 21 CFR 173. The regulation requires that chemicals used for washing or peeling produce be approved food additives listed in the specified federal regulation.
FDA Food Code 2022, § 7-204.12: “Chemicals, including those generated on-site, used to wash or peel raw, whole fruits and vegetables or used in the treatment, storage, and processing of fruits and vegetables shall: (A) Be an approved food additive listed for this intended use in 21 CFR 173,”
14. To maintain hygiene standards, what resistance qualities should food-contact surfaces possess against physical damage?
Answer: They must be resistant to pitting, chipping, crazing, scratching, scoring, distortion, and decomposition. Surfaces must resist various forms of physical damage to maintain a smooth, cleanable state over time.
FDA Food Code 2022, § 4-101.11: “Resistant to pitting, chipping, crazing, scratching, scoring, distortion, and decomposition.”
15. Which body parts must be cleaned during the handwashing procedure?
Answer: Hands and exposed portions of arms, including surrogate prosthetic devices. The requirement extends beyond just hands to include exposed arms and prosthetic devices.
FDA Food Code 2022, § 2-301.12: “FOOD EMPLOYEES shall clean their hands and exposed portions of their arms, including surrogate prosthetic devices for hands or arms”
16. Under what condition does using vinegar require a variance according to the Food Code?
Answer: When vinegar is used to render food so that it is not Time/Temperature Control for Safety food. A variance is required when additives like vinegar are used specifically to change the safety classification of the food regarding temperature control.
FDA Food Code 2022, § 3-502.11: “To render a FOOD so that it is not TIME/TEMPERATURE CONTROL OF SAFETY FOOD”
17. What is the purpose of barriers, baffles, or drip aprons on dispensing equipment?
Answer: To divert drips from condensation and splash from the opening of the container receiving the FOOD. These features ensure that water dripping from the machine does not fall into the customer's cup.
FDA Food Code 2022, § 4-204.13: “The delivery tube, chute, orifice, and splash surfaces directly above the container receiving the FOOD shall be designed in a manner, such as with barriers, baffles, or drip aprons, so that drips from condensation and splash are diverted from the opening of the container receiving the FOOD;”
18. When a food worker is preparing READY-TO-EAT foods of animal origin, what specific information must they provide to consumers?
Answer: That the food is not cooked sufficiently to ensure its safety. Workers must inform customers that raw or partially cooked animal products may not be fully safe to eat.
FDA Food Code 2022, § 2-103.11: “CONSUMERS who order raw or partially cooked READY-TO-EAT FOODS of animal origin are informed as specified under § 3-603.11 that the FOOD is not cooked sufficiently to ensure its safety;”
19. Which type of food establishment might be exempt from the requirement to have a designated Person in Charge present during all hours?
Answer: Establishments deemed by the Regulatory Authority to pose minimal risk of causing foodborne illness. Exemptions are based on the Regulatory Authority's assessment of minimal risk due to the nature of operations and food preparation extent.
FDA Food Code 2022, § 2-101.11: “This section does not apply to certain types of FOOD ESTABLISHMENTS deemed by the REGULATORY AUTHORITY to pose minimal risk of causing, or contributing to, foodborne illness based on the nature of the operation and extent of the FOOD preparation.”
20. How should unwashed fruits and vegetables be handled in relation to ready-to-eat foods?
Answer: They must be separated from ready-to-eat foods before they are washed. Unwashed produce can carry dirt and bacteria, so it must be kept separate from foods that are eaten without further cooking or washing.
FDA Food Code 2022, § 3-302.11: “Separating fruits and vegetables, before they are washed as specified under § 3-302.15 from READY-TO-EAT FOOD.”